[cbacba]

read your own references. You'll note in reference 2 that it is referred to as an electrochemical capacitor - not a capacitor and you'll note my first post referring to capacitors that are actually batteries. In your first reference, you'll note that they are using a mixture of lead acid batteries and electrochemical capacitors for their energy storage. You'll also note that the only losses in a capacitor are ohmic losses from the current flow. These so called capacitors are actually jusst a variant on a rechargeable battery. It's curious why there is a combination of lead acid and these devices - or for that matter why either are being selected for use rather than one of the other high efficient battery designs. Lead acids are way down the list in energy density per weight and in recharge efficiency and time - all of which go against it for use in a motor vehicle as energy storage because the energy expense of moving it adds to the total. But then maybe energy efficiency isn't even part of the equation.