[wardengineering]

Mars

A recent study published by the British journal Nature, written by a NASA planetary scientist Lori Fenton on the temperature changes of Mars, suggests a short term climate change is currently occurring on Mars at a much faster rate than on Earth. The study also suggests that the cause is more of the Sun’s heat is absorbed into the atmosphere causing temperatures to rise and conversely the more heat reflected cases temperatures to fall.
The temperature of Mars rose 1.17F during a period from 1970’s to the 1990’s compared to Earth’s rise of 1.33F over the last century. The mass of Mars is about 10 percent of the mass of Earth so that the same forces acting on Earth should have 90% more effect on Mars. But then one would have to accept the notion that planets are heated or cooled from the inside and not from the outside.
It appears scientists see what they want to see and make it fit a fixed idea of long term accepted science. By contrast an engineer sees how the forces of nature fit the environment at hand in the design of flood control, building construction and infrastructure with safety in mind. It doesn’t pay to overlook a safety flaw in the long term use of a structural component.
When I first made the study of the Earth finding the center of mass to be at three-eighths of the Earth’s radius, I also determined what size the Earth had to be to melt the rock from space. Comparing this information with Mars and Venus, it showed that neither one was large enough to melt the rock, although Venus was close.
Scientists have measured time by using Radiometric Dating of potassium\argon gas. They have found the date of the oldest rock on Earth was 4.567 billion years old. They have also found a bacteria, Cyanonbacteria, in rock dated 3 to 3.5 billions years ago associated with shallow water.
In order for the bacteria to be found in water at the date stated, the Earth needed a certain size in order to develop a molten core so that water could be separated from the rock accumulated from space and brought to the surface. Mars is an example of a planet without sufficient size to melt the original rock accreted from outer space. Venus may be border line since it had no magnetic field as reported by the 1992 Magellan space research but was found to have a small magnetic field 12 years earlier in a 1980 fly by mission.
The space craft Magellan measured some of the characteristics of Venus with radar. At the time of the measurement(1992), it appears the interior of Venus had an iron core much larger than Earth being about 1800 miles in radius compared to Earth’s 800 miles radius iron core and a rocky molten mantle similar to Earth, but no liquid interior. According to my studies, a planet must have a liquid core to be able to generate a magnetic field. The mass of Venus is about 81 percent of earth although its overall diameter is five percent smaller than Earth. Results from the Magellan gravity data indicate that Venus' crust is stronger and thicker than Earth. No gravity was detected.
In my studies, the heating of planets is the result of the accumulation of rock from outer space which adds to its mass. The more mass, the hotter the interior of the planet becomes. As planets move toward each other the mass of each planet is increased according to Newton’s law: Force is equal to the product of the masses proportional to the square of the distance between them. This includes the Sun. When they have acquired enough size to melt the interior, as Earth has done, then, in that event, the action of the planets moving toward each other causes the heat of increased mass to be used as the heat of fusion to change the state of the material from a solid rock to a molten liquid. While the change is taking place, the liquid stays at the same temperature as the latent heat becomes stored heat in the liquid and the surrounding rock seems to cool. Comparing the magnitude of this phase with historical data, a period of a global cooling phase appears.
Venus may be a good example of how global warming and cooling takes place. When the Magellan mission measured Venus in 1992, the liquid core may have been too small to be detected by Magellan instruments. The present rhythm of Venus at its peak influence with respect to Earth is on a 24 year cycle with 12 years of cooling and 12 years of heating with advances and retreats of heating and cooling on a rhythm of 1.6 years as Venus moves past Earth. The measurement taken by Magellan in 1992, was 12 years into its cooling cycle with the liquid core width being close to zero. The heat being lost because Venus had moved to its farthest position from Earth. Unlike Earth and its three million miles yearly change in its elliptical orbit around the Sun, the orbit of Venus is almost circular, presenting little heat exchanges with the Sun caused by its orbit around the sun. Its movement with respect to Earth replaces the Sun. From close to far, Venus force changes 40 times in magnitude.
The earlier measurement, taken by NASA in 1980, indicated a slight magnetic field which could have resulted because it had a small liquid interior. At the time the 1980 measurement was taken, Mt. St. Helens was beginning a series of eruptions. It began another series of eruptions 24 years later in 2004, both times as Venus was approaching Earth during Earth’s cooling phase for that period of time, and both times the Moon was involved. Two pieces of information may be inferred by this evidence: some physical process took place within Venus to have a magnetic field one time and not another and Venus was involved in the 1980 and 2004 eruptions of Mt. St. Helens.
The Earth had to have enough size at the time of the 3.5 billions year old Cyanobacteria found in fossil rock to be associated with water. Reducing the present diameter of Earth by the molten core of 1400 miles x 2 for both sides, the result is a diameter of 5119 miles. A diameter of at least 5150 was assumed to begin the volcanic and water producing phase with 3.25 billion years(average for Cyanobacteria). Comparing the size of Earth then with its size now and present time of 24 hour days results in 5150x24/7919=15.6 hrs days or 8.4 hrs lost in the past or 0.0000093 seconds per year.
Comparing this information with the age of the oldest rock found to be 4.6 billion years old, meant that the length of day was 11.8 hours shorter than today’s 24 hours or 12.2 hour days. Ironically the 12 hour day is reported to be the cellular rhythm of modern day Cyanobacteria.
A reasonable analysis of this situation is that the slowing of the Earth has resulted from the accumulation of rock from outer space. The same would have occurred throughout the solar system changing the orbits of all planets and their periods of rotation as they accumulated rock from space. The Moon would have had the same effect on Earth from day one. Perhaps the Moon stated out the same size as Earth, but its orbit, circling Earth, placed itself in a position to acquired material from space perhaps only half the time. The Sun accumulated material as well, but being 330,000 times the size of Earth the affect is that it would control everything.
The Sun’s heat with respect to water had to have been very consistent for water to remain as a liquid throughout time, all be it sometimes snow and ice, and sometimes vapor
The size of Earth of 5150 miles in diameter compared to the present diameter of Venus of 7600 miles is 68%. The difference in density between Earth and Venus and the smaller diameter is not enough to say Venus does not have a liquid interior. Perhaps the Earth’s eccentric orbit around the sun and the Moon’s equally eccentric orbit around Earth make up the difference. The Moon has a 24 years rhythm which coordinates with Venus with enough force in 4.6 million years to tilt the Earth 23.5 degrees and move the Moon forward to an 18.6 year rhythm of advancement.